The Harbinger

Author: Alex Rogers

  • Why Denji is a Misunderstood Protagonist

    Why Denji is a Misunderstood Protagonist

    Picking up a book called Chainsaw Man, you could assume that it’s just silly. I remember when I began reading, I thought it’d just be a fun story that some dude dreamt up in a fever dream and decided to make happen. What I was pulled into was much more than that, and even just the first chapter defied my expectations. It set the stage for a tale of tragedy and loss, personal struggle and above all else, a desire to be loved. Having caught up with the manga, my heart’s been twisted, stabbed, healed, happy, confused, lonely, and everything in between, but how could somebody make all of that happen in a story about a guy with chainsaws? Let’s look at the author.

    Tatsuki Fujimoto’s storytelling is considered some of the best that manga has to offer, and it is with good reason. Throughout his career, he’s made powerful and hard-hitting stories like the existential Fire-Punch and the artistically complex Look Back, and it’s safe to say that he utilized all of his storytelling skills in his ongoing series Chainsaw Man.

    I’ll assume you’ve read or watched some Chainsaw Man and understand the premise, and many people who have tend to have one key takeaway; Denji’s motivation is shallow. I mean, he just want’s to feel the touch of a girl, isn’t that kind of weird?

    It is weird, but there is absolutely so much that has come to manifest that goal of his. Denji had never felt love before- not from his family, he had no friends, had never been with a girl, and lived alone with Pochita. That’s all the love he had ever felt, and he was clearly desperate to feel valued by somebody, anybody. When Makima first took him under her wing, he felt cared for and that’s why he was madly obsessed with her. Not because she was attractive, but because he had a basic human desire to finally be safe.

    Denji’s background is what made the Reze Arc movie hit so, so hard. I went to see this movie (3 times) and it left nothing to be desired and, like many others, the film left me speechless and hurt.

    The Reze Arc was the story of two innocent lives made to be weapons, forced to fight one another.

    Denji and Reze fell in love, thoroughly enjoying every moment of time spent together. Reze teaches Denji to swim, and he can’t stop thinking about her. Even after the two brutally fight, blowing through the city and endlessly hurting one another, they still wanted each other. Denji still wants her love even after they both wake up on that beach post-fight, and Reze makes a last minute decision to turn back from the train out of Tokyo to go see Denji.

    It’s foreshadowed through the metaphor of a spider and butterfly that Reze is trapping him through manipulation and deceit. Despite her mission to trap him, she is genuinely having fun- so much so, that she forgets her mission right up until she has to fight the serial killer that’s after Denji’s heart. She’s painfully reminded of what she was made to do.

    Denji is oblivious to Reze’s goal of killing him, and right up until the end of the movie, it’s hard to tell if she even wants to. After their fight unfolds, it’s revealed by Kishibe that Reze was raised in the Soviet Union, victim to a life of being experimented on by the military that most thought to be a fairy tale meant to scare kids. She was designed to be a weapon- the military having drained her of all of her innocence and liveliness.

    This upbringing sounds very similar to Denji’s. A teenager working for the government, raised to be a thoughtless weapon that didn’t get to experience that joys that life had to offer. That life is reflected in her last line: “Truth is… I’ve never gone to school either.”

    When that line was delivered, I think I heard somebody begin sobbing in the bottom row and honestly, I was close to tears too.

    Back to Denji and his mission to feel love, though, this was another slap in the face to him. He was under the impression someone loved him for who he was, but it all turned out to be another instance of him being solely valued for his chainsaws. Ryan Colt Levy, the English VA for Denji, said that his favorite line to deliver was an important one; “Every woman I meet tries to murder me!! Everybody’s after my Chainsaw heart! What about my heart?! Denji’s! Does nobody want that?!“

    Denji shouted this after having gained conscious from Reze stabbing him and ripping his tongue out, and this has been his ongoing frustration through every. single. relationship. Makima exploited him because she wanted to see The Hero From Hell. Reze lured him into a trap to kill him because he is Chainsaw Man and she needed his heart. And just now, Yoru and Asa have mostly showed interest in him because he is Chainsaw Man. They grew to like him, but Denji can not seem to just find someone who loves him for who he is.

    It’s easy to dismiss Denji as an incel. And a gooner. And a degenerate. But here’s the thing.

    • Denji just wants human connection

    From the beginning, since he met Makima, he loved the way that he treated her like a human being. He had never been seen as one before, and that treatment was validating to him. That validation is why he set his heart out on her, not her looks.

    He turned down Himeno’s ask for intercourse and was truly just grateful to have a real friend. She had been the first person to open herself up to him and let him be honest to her in return. That’s why he was so pissed in his fight with Katana Man- he wanted revenge for his first real friend.

    In Denji’s relationship with Power, he understood that girls weren’t inherently sexual. He saw her as a sibling, living day to day with an earnest care and lover for her that wasn’t romantic. Denji even questioned why that was, but accepted that he just cared for her.

    • Denji often questioned himself, and most notably, questioned his own humanity.

    Throughout his journey, Denji worried about himself. On his date with Makima, especially, he began to wonder if being a devil hybrid began to make him lose his humanity because he didn’t feel from the movies they saw. When Makima told him he had one, that deepened his love for her. She knew how to make him feel human.

    That is why Denji is misunderstood. Because beneath all of the sexual humor and seemingly shallow motives, Denji wants more than anything to be recognized as a human being.

    Makima made him feel human and then tore it all down, having planned to emotionally ruin him from the beginning.

    Reze made him feel loved and then literally stabbed his heart, blowing him through buildings with the intention of taking his heart, purely for the chainsaw devil.

    Yoru is actively looking for ways to obliterate the Chainsaw Devil, and as its host, Denji is involved. Thus, he’s thrown through even more trauma, pain, and heartbreak to resolve more conflicts beyond his control.

    Denji is criminally misunderstood and while obviously he as a person has flaws, I think I’d be going through it, too, if I had my heart constantly broken and I was in pain constantly. His weakness is that he’s naive, and the Mafia boss was right that Denji is like a dog. Though, he’s a dog in the sense that he loves unconditionally, even when it’s naive.

    Denji needs the bare minimum. He needs to be told it isn’t his fault. He needs to be told he is loved. And he needs a damn hug.

  • What Risk Does RFK Jr. Pose?

    What Risk Does RFK Jr. Pose?

    Worm-landlord RFK’s confirmation as Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services last January came as a justifiable shock to many people. The statements he makes are beyond uninformed, borderline imaginative. For people with autism, his confirmation meant misrepresentation, lies, and stigma. For scientists, his confirmation meant incompetent leadership and a war on science. For the public, it meant a newfound never-ending stream of misinformation and distrust in the government.

    Compared to presidential cabinets of the past, Trump’s is noticeably different. It consists of Fox News personalities, oligarchs, and radical conservatives. RFK Jr, however, was different. He ran as a third party on the ballot, advocating for greater research and action on climate change, but later on dropped both his campaign and his own ideals in exchange for safety with Trump. Like the Fox News hosts and rich men, he barely knows what he’s talking about. Unlike those two, he has the drive and motivation to act on what he believes- things like anti vaxxing, autism research, and bleaching.

    These past few months haven’t seen many victories for RFK Jr, however. Much of what he tries to do is extreme, so is blocked and then left abandoned.

    Recently he made the news, though: on June 9th, RFK fired every member of the CDC’s expert panel that advises immunizations, claiming that it will restore public confidence in vaccines. Yes, just like how when I close my eyes while I’m driving I become so much more confident in my ability to do so. Kennedy’s actions like firing key CDC staff spell fear for most Americans.

    With the countless other things dominating the news-space right now-Iran, Los Angeles Protests, No Kings- lets take a moment and look within the White House. One specific figure that Americans have grown increasingly frustrated with; RFK Jr.

    What do we have to be aware of with him leading the Department of Health and Human Services? Does what he say have any truth to it? And, crucially, how does his character reflect the current status of the Republican party?

    RFK Jr’s Goals

    Despite the notoriety he has gained, RFK Jr does have some respectable goals. For example, he cares deeply about making the food Americans eat less processed and more hearty. He also aims to make prescription drugs more affordable, and encourage transparency in pharma.

    What’s conflicting are his out-of-touch and truly uninformed goals. He has clear anti-trans policy, having made efforts to wipe the recognition of transgender and non-binary people from the White House. Perhaps most infamously, Jr. is also a devout anti-vaxxer. Having claimed that they cause autism and that they aren’t trustworthy, he’s proved that his platform isn’t entirely science-oriented as it’s advertised to be.

    Is His Word Dependable?

    No.

    Does he have medical background ?

    No.

    Is there logical reason behind his firings and policies?

    No.

    Has he used any credible research as grounds for his actions?

    No.

    Thank you for reading and have a good one.

  • Animal Farm Will Always Be Relevant

    Animal Farm Will Always Be Relevant

    I was stopped in an airport by a man who noticed I was holding George Orwell’s Animal Farm. He looked to be older, and immediately met me with a smile when pointing out “you’re reading Animal Farm! How is it so far?” I was only 20 or so pages in, so I replied by saying that I saw some parallels to major moments in human history, and that I thought it was a really intriguing read so far.

    In the story, a wise pig named Old Major sparked some new, intellectual thought amongst his fellow animals and drove a revolution against their oppressors. It reminded me a lot of the American Revolution, and how the founding fathers organized a revolt. Old Major was like Thomas Paine waking others up with his piece Common Sense.

    This airport man went on to say that he’s read it every five years throughout his life since studying literature in college. He recommended the same for me; that I should read it every five years and I’ll still find Orwell’s story a fitting metaphor for the human condition. That’s the magic of the allegory.

    With that piece of advice in mind, I finished the rest of the story within a few days. Every page was meaningful- symbolic of flawed leadership, flawed society, flawed systems. It was the natural lifespan of an increasingly fascist society, all caused by the mistake of the blind follower’s faith.

    To sum it up, Mr Jones was a farmer who always mistreated his animals: starved them, beat them, exploited them. All the oppressed and abused animals accepted this as how life is, until one day, wise elder pig Old Major gives an impassioned speech creating a rebellion. With comradery and motivation, Mr Jones was overthrown and the animals went on to rule the farm.

    All were exilherated, beyond elated to have earned their freedom. Immediately, they began organizing their new way of life. They would work whenever, eat whenever, and sleep whenever. This all fell apart, however, when the smart pig named Napoleon began spreading lies, misinformation, killing his dissenters, and choke holding the entire farm into submission through fear his of murderous hounds. Napoleon ordered impossible working hours, essentially turning his “comrades” into slaves through the disguise of patriotism and progress. Food rations, harsh work hours, and strict regulation of free speech were given.

    The pigs began rewriting the constitution, fitting it to their desires. They began living as tyrants, living the same comfortable and luxurious lifestyle that Mr Jones, their previous dictator, had enjoyed. Of course, the entire story is more specific and detailed than this summary, but thats the gist.

    Initially, I began comparing this story to the United States’ revolutionary times. Colonies who wished to be sovereign rebelled against their oppressive king who lived overseas- their king who enjoyed a luxurious lifestyle. Their king that would cast upon them unjust taxes and the intolerable acts, and even ration their food with scarce supplies and little to no actual benefits of being under his rule. However, instead of good and democratic founding fathers like those who attended the first Continental Congress, this story is like if America was immediately born as a fascist nation with Washington as our dictator.

    Animal Farm certainly stands as a metaphor for the American Revolution, but this story can be applied to plenty of other instances. India’s liberation from British governance and occupation, South Africa’s riddance of apartheid led by Nelson Mandela, the Russian Revolution during World War One. 

    Most interesting to me, though, is how Animal Farm applies to modern United States politics. The book has aged like fine wine, and airport man was absolutely right: the story is always applicable in some way. Reading every five years might actually be a great idea. 

    I saw the personality and scumminess of Trump in Napoleon. Trump is a man who indulges in pleasure, even at the cost of his own dignity. He’s a man who lies to his blind following, as the animals once were to Napoleon. A man who steers the mob’s hive-minded thoughts for his own convenience. Lets talk about what actual details parallel.

    Squeaker was the spokesman of Napoleon; a devout follower whose only goal in life was to kiss Napoleon’s ass. Napoleon went on to fill the government with other pigs similar to squeaker. Ben Shapiro is a squeaker with rock-solid close-minded beliefs that he rattles off faster than Eminem just to preach pro-Trump rhetoric that is almost always factually incorrect. Elon Musk is the kind of squeaker that sits behind a screen spam-tweeting cult-like beliefs and praise into his own echochamber. Ron Desantis is an out of touch squeaker who has fallen so far into Napoleon’s cult that he’s essentially twisted the state of Florida into a testing ground of outdated societal structures and bigoted beliefs. Similar to Squeaker saying the year of slave labor was good for the animals who endured, Ron Desantis declared that slave-owners of the confederation did African Americans a favor.

    The rest of the pigs that enjoy a luxurious life style thanks to Napoleon stand to represent Trump’s business partners: yes-man suckers that please him, and his family and friends. Gluttony, a symbol of greed, became commonplace amongst the pigs on the farm. The pigs got much, much bigger as they lived lavishly with constant feasts and no rations on food. The cows produced milk one night, and while no one else was looking, the pigs took them and drank it all. Similarly, last May, Trump accepted an Air Force One from Q’atar as a gift, outmaneuvering restrictions that limit presidents from personally benefitting through presidency.

    Snowball, Napoleon’s competitor for leadership, was chased down by Napoleon’s hounds and forced into hiding. For the remainder of Napoleon’s rule as pigtator, he blamed every single thing that goes wrong on the farm on the unseen, unheard Snowball. Today, Trump and his administration are blaming undocumented immigrants for the bulk of the United States’ problems. Issues like unemployment, the economy, supply chain shortages, and higher crime rates are all supposedly the undocumented immigrants fault. The unseen, unheard undocumented immigrants. What does Trump do? He ignores the facts; immigrants strenghten the economy and supply chain, and, statistically, they have the same crime rate as U.S. citizens do.

    Trump tramples on undocumented immigrants with foul language and unbased accusations, then targets them with legislature stripping them of rights. All this to cover up the real causes of our country’s problems: wealthy businessowners hiring at criminally low wages, the rich not paying tax, Trump’s own tariff policy hindering supply chains, and a godforsaken pandemic that got millions unemployed.

    All this to say that the parallels are absolutely existent. The pigs in Animal Farm represent fascist leadership. Their methods and governments reflect many of the past, such as Hitler’s scapegoating and supremacist regime, Stalin’s scare-tactic obsessed and dissent-crushing sole leadership style, Mussolini with the self-proclaimed title of “The Duce of Fascism,”

    Orwell wrote Animal Farm as a warning with, impressively, no bias in how the story is told. The details, actions, and motivations of all of the animals on the farm speak for themselves. Animal Farm will remain a timeless sociological piece used to assess our own governance, and undoubtedly, as airport man said I should, I’ll be reading this story once every five years.

  • What the White House Website Can Tell Us About America’s Leadership

    What the White House Website Can Tell Us About America’s Leadership

    WhiteHouse.gov is a website run by the current president’s administration, serving as an effective platform to inform citizens about the president, vice president, the people surrounding them, and their goals. This website is also a tool for these officials to share news about the executive branch and it’s actions.

    I’ve taken the occasional glance at WhiteHouse.gov over the past decade, but what I saw in 2025 post-election absolutely baffled me: a trumpwashed, self-righteous website that might as well have been named TrumpIsJesusChristHimself.Gov.

    Every news story centered around Trump, every photo was Trump, and almost definitely, his own bio was written by- you guessed it- trump. And I quote, “Donald J. Trump defines the American success story. Throughout his life he has continually set the standards of business and entrepreneurial excellence, especially in real estate, sports, and entertainment. President Trump built on his success in private life when he entered into politics and public service.”

    Am I reading this right? I can’t be, he’s ran several businesses into the ground. In a Sports History Weekly article titled “When Trump Owned a Football Team,” a timeline of Trump literally destroying the entire US Football League is revealed. They titled him the “Savior gone destroyer.” In the education industry, he operated “Trump University” from 2005-2010, officially having made the learning platform with the shortest lifespan. Not many bought Trump Steaks, which makes sense because I wouldn’t want his meat, either. They probably taste like unseasoned mystery meat recovered from a barrel on a three-hundred year-old pirate ship. On top of that, Not many bought Trump vodka. His magazine failed after two years. His airline was discontinued after some short months.

    Tangeant aside, you get the point. You can tell it’s just propaganda. Has every administration’s whitehouse.gov been blatant, self-centered advertising like this though?

    Let’s take a look at some pages past using the legendary Wayback Machine and truly determine wether or not this website is reflective of an administrations character. Perhaps the Trump administration is extreme and absolutely loves getting itself off, or maybe every President used the website to paint themselves in a heroic light.

    I searched through Bush, Obama, Biden, and Trump’s whitehouse.gov website to see what they reflect of each administration. Two republicans, two democrats. Here’s what I found.

    President Bush’s whitehouse.gov

    This is then-president Bush’s White House page dating September 1st, 2002. Aside from the noticable difference in website design and the more bland appearance, what stands out to me is the sheer amount of information that is given. There is no scrolling through several headings searching for information- it is all easily accessible. This administration wastes no time saying what it cares about or what it’s valiant leader stands for, they just show it. There is nothing here but what happened, when it happened, and the facts.

    On that day, Bush gave a speech addressing the nation. I’ve read through it, and the transcript is easily accessible, his speech was expertly worded, and I imagine that if I were living on that day, I’d have gained some confidence and trust through that speech.

    Past that speech, the left bar outlines every policy in view, major speeches Bush and Cheney gave, and some photos that portrayed what they thought important.

    Overall, Bush’s administration centered the page around them- as a white house page should. But surprisingly, they didn’t have to word it any one way. They displayed what the President was doing through action. Straight-to-the-point, easily accessible details. Bush’s administration didn’t super-saturate his accomplishments or beat around the bush ignoring the details, no pun intended. Good website.

    President Obama’s whitehouse.gov

    Succeeding Bush, Obama breathed some new life into the Oval Office. He took an incredibly proactive approach to the presidency, making major legislature happen like the Recovery and Reinvestment Act, Homeowner Affordability and Stability Plan, and started working on the Afforable Care Act. Lets see if his website reflects that.

    Like Bush’s page, Obama’s administration cuts to the facts. There lists three sections: The Blog, Featured Legislation, and a gateway to more information.

    Reading through some blog posts, it’s written in a very fact-of-the-matter tone. This first post, “A National Discussion on Health Care Reform,” demonstrates Obama’s approach to leadership. He received hundreds of questions about health care reform and, as a president, answers several of the most pressing he received. Obama engaged with the people he was elected to lead, and even after this healthcare discussion continued opening the door for others to engage themselves.

    Under featured legislation is a list of every bill that the President has signed into law. Anyone can go into this list and read through it, looking further into the legislation that is happening in public office. What took me by surprise was the simplicity of it all. Clicking into the bill titled “American Recovery and Reinvestment Act,” there reads a ONE SENTENCE summary of what is going on with this bill.

    There is no “Bold president Obama signs this beautiful act of legislature to make America better,” it’s simply just a one-sentence fact. That is what you can expect from a solid leader. Obama’s white house page was a credible and effective tool to involve and inform the American people devoid of self-righteousness.

    President Biden’s whitehouse.gov

    Here’s Biden’s page from March 11, 2021. He had just been inaugurated a month prior, and so he takes the WhiteHouse.gov website into his administrations own direction. One thing to keep in mind is that at this time, politics were already getting more extreme. 2020’s election had split a lot of the country into two sides and the most radical of both had taken shape. Misinformation was a constant and the world had just found some relief from the Covid-19 pandemic.

    Despite the chaos at the time, this page is relatively simple. Biden’s inaugural address was front page and to the right of it, many articles about what was happening at the time.

    There isn’t too much to note about it, but what is respectable is the continued trend of facts. Straight details, nothing else. Biden’s White House was a very dependable and credible one.

    President Trump’s whitehouse.gov

    This is the front page of Trump’s White House- the second time. Already, there is absolutely no information on the front page. Simply photos upon photos of Trump.

    Theres even a massive shot of trump in a conference with “THE WORK NEVER STOPS” written over it like its his own cry for help.

    Looking into the bios of his administration, lets see what they have to say about themselves.

    Trump’s own bio is very strongly written with not a single word wasted. “[Trump is returning to the white house to] use his mandate to reject the extremist policies of the radical left…” Not yet have I seen text on the White House page weaponized for the losing party of an election. Bush, Obama, and Biden all kept it unbiased.

    Even more ironically, it’s written that he is “…affording ALL Americans the opportunity to pursure THEIR version of the American dream.” The law firm “Alliance Defending Freedom” is one of the most prominent working in enforcing and creating Christian nationalist law, and surprise, they work with and heavily support Trump. Most policies that Trump has laid out such as banning Transgender people from the military, spreading rhetoric about immigrants, banning travel from Muslim countries, and so on and so forth. He has even equated protestors to white supremacists when confronting the crisis in Charlottesville.

    Trump is certainly against what he is preaching in his bio.

    Moving on, lets take a look at the news section.

    These aren’t news headlines, these are editorial headlines. Opinionated statements. Nearly three of these a day are posted and are listed as fact sheets and news articles.

    In the top article about the One Big Beautiful Bill investing in Rural healthcare, it truly is just straight misinfo. Even the headline is- Rural hospitals aren’t protected in this bill. What this bill does is pull guaranteed funding from them, instead providing money for states to allocate the funding wherever they choose. In this article, it’s written “Rural hospitals only receive 7% of Medicaid hospital spending. Yet, industry leaders and lobbyists continue to cry foul.” That is $283 billion that is being potentially pulled from hospitals, likely resulting in hundreds of hospital shut-downs that some American’s depend on. This “news” story in the websites headlines isn’t actually news, its a faulty fire extinguisher meant to make people feel better about the fire.

    Lets see this next article about ending “child sexual mutilation,” or in sane people words, gender-affirming care. Less than 0.1% of minors in America receive this care, but if its a headline, it must be an important crisis to focus our eyes on. In the article, 17 hospitals across the nation are listed that have either banned or suspended prescribing hormone blockers, sex-change surgery, and/or other operations regarding gender-affirming care.

    According to NBC, “0 [gender-affirming] procedures [have happened] among minors aged 12 years or younger.” 108 minors between 2018 and 2022 had received gender-affirming surgery. According to a study in 2020, about 17,000 minors received hormone blockers or hormonal therapy. That means that 0.0002% of all minors in the U.S. had actually been receiving gender-affirming care. President Trump declared victory after having picked on 0.0002% of children in the United States. What a sad excuse for a leader.

    Trump doesn’t offer actual information on his website. He doesn’t offer insight, the news, messages, input, perspective, nothing. Though he does have a photo gallery! Yippee!

    In conclusion, yes, the White House website is very reflective of a presidential administration. Even back when the internet was less advanced, the website was still used as an efficient platform to help constituents find information and learn about the administration governing them. It directly reflects many things- the formality of a President, modesty, complexity, many things.

  • Video Game Music Slaps

    Video Game Music Slaps

    In the movies and tv shows we watch, sound has an undeniably crucial role in creating emotion. Music of all kinds- suspenseful, joyful, sorrowful, exhilerating- envelop our ears to enrich the scenes that they accompany. I’d even argue that sound plays just as important a role as the visuals itself. If you disagree, just watch this clip from Star Wars: A New Hope.

    This is no different for video games. Just like film, games, in a way, help surivive classical music. Since the 70’s and 80’s, game music has branched out from the retro-bit limitation and sprung out into an uncountable, wildly varying plethora of songs. From BattleField to Mariokart, game soundtracks have become a genre in and of itself, with many subgenres under that umbrella.

    In a research paper by Christoph Klimmt, it was found that there very much is a direct correlation between enjoyment and music. He writes “we test the hypotheses that soundtrack music contributes to players‘ enjoyment via intensification of emotions.” In his first study, Klimmt had 68 men play Assassins Creed: Black Flag in two groups: one with music and one without. After a few hours of playing, they were surveyed. “Findings clearly show an indirect effect of soundtrack music on enjoyment through positive emotions.”

    Personally, I notice I’m much more easily immersed in games that have powerful music backing them. When playing Minecraft, I’d sometimes just sit back and let the music sink in. C418 is recognized among most minecraft players as the man who helped make their childhoods, and so have deep respect for him. Sitting there in a calming world, listening to music that was just as ethereal as the game itself, I felt like I was experiencing it to its fullest. Other times, I would listen to a spotify playlist while building. Contrary to listening to the game’s built-in music, I would usually feel less emotion and not be as involved in the game.

    Some soundtracks even hold on their own outside of their video games. While making the soundtrack for Cuphead, Kristofer Maddigan, said on an interview with GameLark “listening was the key, y’know. I listened to thousands and thousands of [classical jazz compositions]… I got as many books as I could… Learned about a lot of composers, learned a lot from Duke Ellington.” The product of Maddigan’s studying and hard work to replicate that “big band jazz” style was the soundtrack we got; nearly three hours of true jazz.

    Here’s Floral Fury, Carnival Kerfuffle, and Railroad Wrath.

    A Syncopated Times critic wrote “The more than 30 musicians involved are all quality players and a sense of individuality comes through, especially on the solos. Yes, jazz improvisation on a video game soundtrack. You can easily enjoy this as an album without ever seeing the game.” He is absolutely right- in 2017, Maddigan made jazz band music mainstream again through a video game.

    Going back to what Klimmt and his studies, he mentioned that the music was directly responsible for the “intensification of emotions.” I think we all feel that effect of music, wether its through television or the radio, music brings out feeling.

    Two games that I felt excelled at this were BattleField One and Infinite Warfare. There are a certaintly others that have as well, such as Hollow Knight, Celeste, and Elden Ring, but lets focus on those first two.

    BattleField One‘s sole purpose is to demonstrate the horrors of war. Upon release, the game’s campaign was praised for its themes: humanity, loss, conflict, and war, to name a few. On top of that, the story was told through five different perspectives across five different missions. A Tank Crew defending France, Foot Soldiers invading a beach, a British Fighter Pilot, a PTSD-ridden veteran experiencing flashbacks, and a messenger following a naval invasion.

    In the first mission, a stunning monologue is given by a veteran with his perspective on war. You transition from person to person, fighting until you’re overcome and killed as he details the unforgivingly harsh reality of war.

    The narrators point is made especially clear through the music; war brings needless suffering. Here’s The Four Horsemen, what I think to be one of the game’s hardest hitting tracks.

    Whereas many games have glorified and saturated the idea of war, Battlefield One stood out. DICE was on a mission to tell a story, through and through. It wished to expose the human suffering and make known what happened, tackling philosophical subjects and censoring nothing. Johan Soderqvist, composer of the soundtrack, told that story alongside them through his music.

    Similarly, Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare wanted to be more real with its messages. The game certainly did saturate the concept of war, filling it’s multiplier with brightly-colored weapon skins and even comedian Ken Jeong as an announcer (best purchase of my life), and because of that, Infinite Warfare was massively overhated. but the campaign is something everyone can agree on.

    The story revolved around a man leading an underdog rebel coalition against an evil empire, the SDF. It’s a similar story to Star Wars, but an entirely different universe. In this one, militaries have begun turning humans into robots to fight for them- rigging them as weapons. The entire solar system is being fought over, space being the common ground for most of man. Earth is regularly under attack and heavily controlled by the SDF, and the fighting is never-ending.

    These circumstances create a certain feel. When I played, I felt daunted, intimidated by the massive threat of the SDF. I also felt a breathtaking sense of loneliness caused by the lack of humanity in this universe-the militarization of the entire galaxy.

    Infinite Warfare’s soundtrack echoes that. Loneliness rings out from every note, the feelings of fear and hope overtaking you every time you sit down to play. In the past decade, Call of Duty games have taken more commercialized, poppy approaches to their feel, but Infinite Warfare remains true to its own purpose: desolate yet powerful.

    Here is Anthropic Universe and Terrible Resolve.

    Speaking of desolate and powerful, the Celeste soundtrack by Lena Raine shocked its listeners with feeling. Each song perfectly captured the mystique of the mountain the game took place on, the protagonist battling her way through mental health struggles as she stood determined to climb to the top of the peak. The entire experience stood as a metaphor for reaching a healthy mental state, and thus, Celeste and its soundtrack received incredible recognition. The soundtrack was nominated for “Best Score/Music” at The Game Awards 2018 and won the ASCAP Video Game Score of the Year in 2019. Here’s Resurrections, written by Lena Raine who went on to produce music for Minecraft.

    There are countless soundtracks written to be emotionally impactful, and just as meany meant to be just plain fun. Rhythm, action, and platformer games often have music designed just for your enjoyment with out too much depth to them. Crypt of the Necrodancer, Sonic Mania, and Bayonetta are some honorable mentions for this category of straight fun. These are some games that feature fast paced, melodically ingenius soundtracks bursting with sound. I’m just going to throw some classics from each game here.

    Crypt of the Necrodancer was one of the most entertaining rhythm games I’ve ever played. It features a 42-song soundtrack filled with action, excitement, and really neat retro-style soundfonts. It’s a perfect rhythm-dungeon-crawler that combines the two styles seemlessly. Whats more is that the music is interactive, meaning that your actions in the game effect the music. For example, when you move onto a slow-button, the song slows and consequently, your movement.

    Here’s Disco Descent and Cryptique.

    Sonic Mania has the same kind of thing going; a smoothed out retro-style soundfont with fast paced beats. The style stays true to its roots but maintains a new feeling of excitement not yet felt in the sonic series. Most of these songs hold up on their own, as well.

    Here’s the infamous and thrilling Green Hill Zone and Hydrocity Zone Act 1

    One of my personal favorite soundtracks of all time includes elements from all of these games mentioned previously: the Bayonetta soundtrack. Centering around an umbran witch, the music fits her personality and is rich with classy instrumentals and clear vocals. The tempo keeps up to the tensity of the moment, and music in the Bayonetta games propel you through the energetic and ecstatic nature of its gameplay.

    Here are the fast-paced and jazzy Riders of the Light, Let’s Hit the Climax, and Let’s Dance, Boys!

    I can’t write an article about video game music without mentioning Toby Fox. A composer and video game developer, he alone has made soundtracks that will live in people’s minds forever. With his 2015 release of Undertale, he and his music blew into popularity. The game’s characters were iconic, well written, and so memorable that even a decade later, the game has a devoted fanbase. Accompanying the characters is a soundtrack written mostly for them, suiting each of their personalities and providing you, the player, background music to feel goosebumps over.

    Even the music from his newer game, Deltarune, which is still receiving new chapters, has blown up and retained Toby Fox’s quality. His music isn’t just music, it’s culture for many. It’s a cornerstone of their childhoods, helping them cope, grow, and have fun.

    Cant find credit for this fanart but it’s amazing.

    Here are some of my favorites of his: Bonetrousle, Dummy, Bergentruckung, My Castle Town, and Field of Hopes and Dreams

    Every piece has such personality to it, and Fox knew what he was doing. Bonetrousle reflected Papyrus’ charismatic personality, Dummy captured the Dummy’s erratic nature, Bergentruckung was the beginning of the end, signifying an emotionally heavy climax for the story as you face the king.

    In Deltarune, My Castle Town filled you with a sense of peace and Field of Hopes and Dreams ignited your ambition to start a journey. Without these songs, without such iconic soundtracks, Fox’s games would lose character- they’d lose a lot of their charm. He knew how important it was to create memorable music.

    I’ve yapped a lot, but the bottom line is this: music from video games is music, no less than any other kind. The people who devote themselves to making memorable songs for the world to enjoy should be recognized, and we can thank them for bringing out the stories that they’ve designed the music for.

    Sit back to listen to these other world’s otherworldy music, and feel the beauty behind it.

  • Is the College Board Good for the Education System?

    Is the College Board Good for the Education System?

    Students who want to challenge themselves have one go-to answer- the college board, an organization that provides advanced-placement classes and standardized tests nationwide. Essentially, it’s the reason behind every junior’s sudden dip in charisma near the end of the year. For many high schoolers, the mere sight of an acorn has become their trigger.

    While the Board grants high schoolers opportunities to achieve more and further their own goals, it’s also been hailed by the victims of their notorious AP tests as a purely evil operation. Thus, the board serves as most teenagers’ punching bags as a much needed scapegoat of their frustrations. Regardless of how much hate teachers and students alike have for the organization, lets ask ourselves this: what is the college board, how does it operate, and is it truly wrong?

    What is the College Board?

    Let’s start by exploring what it is. The College Board claims to be a “not-for-profit” organization, meaning that rather than investing it’s profit into the public cause, it is generally reinvested into the organization itself to better its services and quality. So, essentially, for profit without a mega-rich CEO; which is still a stretch because he makes $2.5 million a year. Top board executives make upwards of $300k a year, and criminally, they have charged the average high-schooler an average of just about $400 to take their tests. Are these high fees and high salaries truly necessary?

    What makes the board money, and has kept them so powerful within America’s education system, is their standardized tests. Tests like the SAT and various AP exams are truly major factors in college admissions. To put it bluntly, these exams weed kids out. Not even through accurate, in-depth tests as you’d hope it to be; just exams designed to be taken in three hours or so by anxiety-ridden high schoolers.

    How is the College Board Constructed?

    The board offers its membership to educational institutions, and so Over 6,000 high schools, colleges, and universities are members, and thus receive resources for students and educators created by the board itself. Structurally, the organization is surprisingly complex. It is composed of three bodies: the Board of Trustees, three national assemblies, six regional assemblies, and a surprise fourth, Freddy Kreuger who has come to take his revenge on children in the form of standardized tests.

    Because it is the most integral of the three, lets discuss the Board of Trustees. This is the governing body of the College Board, elected by member schools and totaling thirty-one officials. The body is made up of national, regional, and assembly elected trustees, but most importantly, the lead trustees. The lead is comprised of four positions: the chair, vice chair, immediately preceding chair, and CEO of the College Board, which, lets be honest, having an “immediately preceding chair” is like having a backup vice president- why?

    What Makes the College Board so Controversial?

    The Board’s CEO, David Coleman, is where the College Board’s initiative shines most brightly. In his 2014 “Delivering Opportunity” speech, Coleman declared that the College Board was created because “American democracy was at risk- because priveledge, rather than merit, might rule our country.” And he’s absolutely right, the organization is a warrior of meritocracy.

    Despite what Coleman claims, privaledge is undoubtedly still centerfold in “ruling our country.” In a research paper by Opportunity Insights, it is stated “the high income admissions advantage at private colleges is driven by three factors: (1) preferences for children of alumni, (2) weight placed on non-academic credentials, which tend to be stronger for students applying from private high schools that have affluent student bodies, and (3) recruitment of athletes, who tend to come from higher-income families.” In short; privaledge, privaledge, and yeah, privaledge.

    Similarly, in 2016, CB competitor ACT.org released statistics on average ACT score by family income. For students with families making above $80,000 a year, their test scores were, on average, nearly point points above the average of that of a student who’s family makes less than $80,000. This could be from a wide variety of factors, such as population density, housing, access to resources, education quality.

    For over a century, the College Board has worked to make education efficient but competitive. In that same “Delivering Opportunity” speech Coleman gave, he made it abundantly clear that their intitiative was to lift those up who deserve opportunity.

    Meritocracy, on paper, is a completely acceptable and sensible way to construct society. Those with higher capabilities, higher intelligence, higher motive, and stronger ethic will thrive in society. Students who choose to push themselves, have a higher g.p.a, and participate more will get into higher ranking colleges. Opportunity is based on ability.

    What if, conversely, ability is based on opportunity? Across the U.S, quality and accessibility of education vary significantly. In an education system designed around metrics such as AP classes and SAT scores, isn’t it wrong that not even all schools offer the same? According to APCentral, 52% of Native American students attended high schools with 5 or more AP courses in 2023-24, in comparison to 93% of Asian students, 84% of Hispanic/Latino students, 77% of White students, and 76% of Black students.

    On top of varying accessibility based on ethnicity, financial factors hold many back as well. According Dana Goldstein from the New York Times, “Some 60 percent of A.P. exams taken by low-income students this year scored too low for college credit.” This statistic has remained the same for the entire 21st century. The College Board hasn’t done quite enough to bridge that gap, however. Only recently had they introduced a fee waiver, and in 2019 CEO Coleman even admitted “What the SAT is…[is] a valid measure of your achievement…But what it doesn’t measure alone is…what you’ve overcome — the situation that you achieved that in.” Should we base a student’s academic success so heavily on a few standardized tests that don’t account for these things?

    The College Board has inserted it’s pure meritocratic ideology into the American education system, and though the organization genuinely attempts to lift students up, their ideology has flaws. Disparity, unanimity, and efficiency serve to weaken their effect, and these are some key areas that should be improved upon.

    On the topic of ideology, the big C.B. has shown a lack of confidence in it’s own values. In 2023, while Florida Governor Ron Desantis was on a crusade to fictionalize the existence of slavery and discrimination towards African Americans, he targeted the College Board. The Board, which has pledged to uphold quality education and serve the nation to its fullest, immediately folded under Desantis’ pressure to remove key topics from its AP African American Studies curriculum. Disappointedly, ignorance and bigotry stood victorious over the board. The Florida Department of Education responded in a letter, saying “By no coincidence, we were grateful to see that the College Board’s framework removed 19 topics, many of which FDOE cited as conflicting with Florida law, including discriminatory and historically fictional topics,”

    The College Board has a vital grip on U.S. education, and at the moment, their methods of classifying students are far too broad. The “not-for-profit” organization’s handsomely-paid execs and millionaire CEO gouge just about every dollar they can out of schools, educators, and student’s for little to no reason, and their operating costs do not justify the business-like practices they exert. David Coleman preaches of “beautiful and effective” tests designed to accurately place students in percentiles, when in reality they absolutely disservice minority racial groups and lower-income households. To combat this, they could use just a portion of their $1.1 billion in revenue each YEAR to expand their offered classes, tests, and curriculum.

    What the College Board ends up perpetuating is a cycle completely contradictory to its original purpose to negate privaledge and promote merit. The privaledged are more likely to achieve that merit, and the underprivaledged, by design, are not. Equal opportunity is not yet a reality attained by the board, and to achieve equity, it is direly needed that the organization’s absolutely massive government of Trustees, National Assemblies, Regional Assemblies, and Freddy Kreuger and whatever the hell else finally design some worthwhile tests with much more depth and accuracy to them.

    While following an honorable cause, providing useful resources, and guiding colleges with helpful admissions stats and scores, the College Board needs to reassess its priorities, recognize it’s influence, and finally take a more proactive role in fostering an effective education system.

  • The Epidemic of Incompetence Within the U.S. Government

    The Epidemic of Incompetence Within the U.S. Government

    As DOGE relentlessly cuts federal  welfare, departmental, and staff spending, its supporters have cheered it on as an effective means to reduce spending. In reality, the so-called “department” has so far done next to nothing to save the U.S. money. Federal spending in Trump’s second term is over $200 billion more than it was at this point in Biden’s presidency- on track to top even Raegan’s catastrophic dent in the national debt. DOGE’s means are not justified for the ends. The means, things like cutting education budget, welfare programs, housing investment, labor reform. And the end; money simply redirected to much worse investments, more borrowing, and citizens left devastated. The Trump administration’s goal is not to save money as it’s perpetrators say it is, but to weaken the power of the nation’s people to dissent.

    This second term is laced with malice, and this paper will cover one of its biggest: the republican party’s epidemic of ignorance. Work as a public servant entails the pursuit of knowledge, intellectual thought, and selflessness. More and more often, however, representatives and senators alike are attending sessions to get, to put it simply, schooled. It’s like a four-year-old preschooler running up to their teacher and saying “grass is blue” and by the time their teacher says “no the fuck it is not, we’re holding you back,” time has already been wasted that could have been used to teach everyone else. 

    Take Kristi Noem for example, the Secretary of Homeland Security who incorrectly stated in a Congress session last week that Habeas Corpus was “the president’s right to remove anybody from the country,” as if we lived in fascism. Her definition is the exact opposite of what Habeas Corpus actually is-criminal justice. That precious and expensive time that Noem held the floor, with many paid congresspeople present, was spent solely on giving her a ninth grade civics lesson. Why waste time like this when it could be much better spent actually getting things done?

    For many voters, qualification is becoming increasingly irrelevant. The expectation of politicians to be well-educated that was once cherished and, essentially, required to even be on the ballot has dissipated. Like Georgia’s 2022 senate race between Walker and Warnock, an incredibly close election between a football star, who more than likely has CTE, and, something just as impressive, a decorated and well-respected reverend with a degree in theology. It was an unbelievably close race between the two. Somehow Walker, who is almost completely unfamiliar with politics, nearly won. This could mean one of two things; voters care more about their party winning than actual logic, or, somehow, Walker brainwashed half of Georgia using a mind control device he built, which, if true, is so impressive maybe it does qualify for him to be a Senate candidate.

    Besides the absence of qualification and lack of basic knowledge about U.S. government functions, most far-right politicians are just not even thinking for themselves. You couldn’t convince me that there is a THING going on in Marjorie Taylor Green’s mind during her town hall meeting last month.

    Green, along with many other trump-backers, has faced Trump’s “Big Beautiful Bill” with an absolutely terrifying approach.

    When considering a bill, a legislator should know and ponder three things: what the bills is about, it’s details, and the logistics. Regardless of party, affiliation, background, religion, or any other biasing factors, representatives of the people should always, always, read the bill being proposed. You could read a bill about allocating thirty million dollars to squirrels jet-skiing at the Mall of America and if you approve of it? That’s great! As long as we know you know about it. If you approved of it just by looking at the title “Jetskis for Squirrels Act?” Even better! I would too! If you voted yay without knowing shit about what is was or is? That would high-key be a disappointment.

    To everyones surprise, she absolutely did not do either of those things. On June 3rd, she wrote “full transparency, I did not know about this section on pages 278-279 of the OBBB that strips states of the right to make laws or regulate AI for 10 years.” In other words, she didn’t read shit. First, how does one just casually mention this? That’s like barreling past a stop sign, ramming into a family of five with your pickup truck, and then saying “full transparency, I didn’t realize there was a massive red fucking stop sign there. Nor did I recognize I was going sixty miles an hour in a neighborhood. My b.”

    Green has her experience of being a conspiracy theorist under her belt and this is the one thing she chooses not to devote time and energy into reading. With her three passed bills this year having been to rename a post office, rename another post office, and unwind energy conservation method in water heaters, it’s more than likely she just wanted something to feel contributive to.

    Green wasn’t the only one to blindly approve of this bill, however. Many other far-right politicians simply skimmed through it, and, surprisingly, it’s not even entirely their fault. The “Big Beautiful Bill” is still in the Senate, having passed the House. This act is over one-thousand pages long, covering an incredibly wide variety of topics mostly unseen by Republican representatives.

    In his recent town hall, Nebraska Senator Mike Flood was pressed about page 562 of the bill, titled “Restriction on Enforcement.” As if that didn’t sound sketchy enough, in it is a severe weakening of the judicial branch. Essentially, if passed, Federal Courts significantly limits the tools available to them to force compliance of those convicted. Court orders lose their threat to violators, opening the door to further undermining of the law from white house administration. Flood, who wasn’t aware of any of that, ultimately apologized and said “when I found out that provision was in the bill, I immediately reached out to my Senate counterparts and told them of my concern.”

    Our leaders need to be knowledgeable, informed, and careful. Green and Flood learned a lesson that day that serves as an unbelievably damaging embarassment to themselves; do your job.

    Without competent and careful representatives and senators, who’s going to hold the executive branch accountable? Trump is aware of his followers negligience, their blind support. Obviously, he is going to take advantage of that. The name “Restriction on Enforcement” itself is a red flag the size of the national debt. A piece written almost exclusively for Trump to dismiss him of his crimes.

    To support does not mean to blindly follow. Healthy checks and balances require the critical attitude of all governmental branches and individuals within them, harshly shaping out one another to make them better. With the ignorant support of representatives and senators who, to put it bluntly, do not have a single original or constructive thought, Trump wins. The executive branch propels itself into full control, and nobody wins.

    In local and state elections, vote for people who display knowledge. Vote for candidates who prove the ability to think for themselves, care for the matter at hand, and more than anything, put their country above their biases.

    “Knowledge is wealth, wisdom is treasure, understanding is riches, and ignorance is poverty” – Matshona Dhliwayo

  • Why is Journalism Important?

    Why is Journalism Important?

    Imagine you dont know anything. You don’t know anything about history, culture, politics, media, entertainment, the sciences, other countries, the weather, anything at all. That reality could very well be ours if not for the people who write, the people who inform.

    Besides serving as important informants, writers grow as people along with their audiences. From Mark Twain to Betty Friedan, Sophocles to Carl Bernstein, they’ve served their societies tremendously. Forms of journalism outside of writing have kept the public informed with insurmountable knowledge, with stars such as Walter Cronkite keeping America lively with his skill as a TV Anchor, George Carlin with his social commentary that wore a mask of humor, John Oliver with his full-blown investigations into topics overlooked by the majority. People like these keep society thinking.

    Without journalists, anchormen, and investigators, who would keep authority in check? Johnson backed out of the Vietnam war because of Cronkite’s expose, Mark Twain mocked politicians in such a way that kept his audience critical, and in the modern day, The Atlantic pries into the cracks of the Trump Administration to keep facts centerfold. People will always remain writing, and across the serious, humorous, and furious, the country can unify itself within agreement of their journalists- the uncorrupted, in-touch spokespeople.

    Journalism is a timeless practice, dating so far back that people would mail each other rocks with writing on them to communicate in mesopotamia. That need to communicate is forever bound within human nature, and at seemingly all times there are things to talk about. Anyone can write, anyone can introduce new ideas, and everyone needs to be heard.

    Those writers are a platform who must put the microphone in the hands of others, speak into the microphone for the sake of the greater good, and deny the microphone from those who mean harm.